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HIV-2 mediated effects on target and bystander cells induce plasma proteome remodeling

HIV-2 mediated effects on target and bystander cells induce plasma proteome remodeling

 

Emil Johansson 1 2Jamirah Nazziwa 1 2Eva Freyhult 3Mun-Gwan Hong 4Jacob Lindman 5Malin Neptin 1 2Sara Karlson 2 6Melinda Rezeli 7Antonio J Biague 8Patrik Medstrand 1 2Fredrik Månsson 1Hans Norrgren 5Joakim Esbjörnsson 1 2 9Marianne Jansson 2 6SWEGUB CORE group

Affiliations

  • 1Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
  • 2Lund University Virus Centre, Lund, Sweden.
  • 3Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
  • 4National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
  • 5Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
  • 6Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
  • 7BioMS - Swedish National Infrastructure for Biological Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
  • 8National Public Health Laboratory, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau.
  • 9Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

     

  • PMID: 38500818
  • PMCID: PMC10945182
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109344

Abstract

Despite low or undetectable plasma viral load, people living with HIV-2 (PLWH2) typically progress toward AIDS. The driving forces behind HIV-2 disease progression and the role of viremia are still not known, but low-level replication in tissues is believed to play a role. To investigate the impact of viremic and aviremic HIV-2 infection on target and bystander cell pathology, we used data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry to determine plasma signatures of tissue and cell type engagement. Proteins derived from target and bystander cells in multiple tissues, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain, were detected at elevated levels in plasma of PLWH2, compared with HIV negative controls. Moreover, viremic HIV-2 infection appeared to induce enhanced release of proteins from a broader range of tissues compared to aviremic HIV-2 infection. This study expands the knowledge on the link between plasma proteome remodeling and the pathological cell engagement in tissues during HIV-2 infection.

Keywords: Disease; Human specimen; Proteomics; Virology.